This is one of the central questions in this blog and in my research. This is not only a question of top-down policy for national or municipal governments, but a quest to find out how these fascinating clusters of industrial activity actually form and evolve.
To review some of the recipes to create a cluster that are often mentioned in the literature:
1. Industry, government and education should work together and influence each other
2.
Finance: VCs, consultants, financial organizations should be around
3.
Law firms and IP consulting should help to clear the legal issues
4.
PROs: universities and research
institutes should be around to continuously produce new knowledge and offer fresh, young workforce
5.
Powerful and successful firms, or at least one, seems to be a key ingredient
6.
Dense local networks, with many
bridges to other networks: the region should be open to the world
7.
Good Infrastructure and
accessibility (+ good restaurants, bars, livable environment, weather)
8.
An environment where it is easy to fail and easy to recreate
firms: need to evolve firms
9.
Free flow of ideas, tools, good
networking possibilities
10. Large labor mobility (human capital, social capital) is often said to be a major element
11. Necessity for collaboration (cannot be done in one single
organization)
12. Integrating scientific and commercial instead of separating it
13. Heterogeneous institutions and cross-institutional influences
And many others...
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